Two hazards you meet on almost every IFR flight. Build ice on a wing and see which clouds and drops make the worst of it. Then fly through mountain waves, mechanical turbulence and clear air turbulence, and watch wake vortices sink and drift.
De-icing removes frost, snow and ice. Anti-icing puts a layer of fluid on the clean surface that absorbs falling precipitation for a limited time: the holdover time (HOT). Choose the procedure, the fluid and the weather, then let the clock run from the start of the anti-icing step.
Teaching models with simplified physics. Use them to understand the mechanism. Separation minima and procedures come from ICAO Doc 4444, the AIP and your operator.